There are various tools that professionals use to analyze this question. Google Books' Ngrams data seems to be popular. Here's a paper whose methodology addres

There are various tools that professionals use to analyze this question. Google Books' Ngrams data seems to be popular. Here's a paper whose methodology addresses some of your question: Jean-Baptiste Michel et al. Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books. Science 331, 176-182 (2011). DOI:10.1126/science.1199644 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1199644 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1199644