The article focuses on latent ability. And goes somewhat into the classification of people who use direction vs. those that use landmarks to navigate. There's

The article focuses on latent ability. And goes somewhat into the classification of people who use direction vs. those that use landmarks to navigate. There's a graphic in the article with four maps drawn from memory by different people. They say that #1 is perfect and that #4 is bad. As a programmer, I see them as connected graphs and that both are nearly a match to each other. But #4 has a different orientation and doesn't show curves in the road. But IMO it would still allow you to get to the locations marked if you turned the paper as you moved. There are also people who have lost their sense of direction due to injury. I had a neighbor who could not go to the supermarket by themselves because of brain damage (from a car accident). They were totally reliant on a family member - or later a GPS unit just to travel as little as 3-4 blocks.