The lower EV total CO2 footprint is based on current grid CO2 emissions (page 13): > We use U.S. average electricity grid emissions to estimate manufacturing e

The lower EV total CO2 footprint is based on current grid CO2 emissions (page 13): > We use U.S. average electricity grid emissions to estimate manufacturing emissions, while the average electricity grid emissions intensity during vehicle operation are based on a sales-weighted average of where EVs are being sold today. If the grid is supplied by a growing proportion of renewables + lower CO2 sources over time, the lifetime CO2 footprint of EVs should decline further.