It was over 11 years, so you'd compare to the GDP for the last 11 years. Still huge, but not ~7% of GDP huge. It was closer to ~0.5% of GDP per year for 11 ye

It was over 11 years, so you'd compare to the GDP for the last 11 years. Still huge, but not ~7% of GDP huge. It was closer to ~0.5% of GDP per year for 11 years. This is probably typical in countries without really strong institutions. Vietnam isn't exactly a 3rd world country... The amount of fraud going on in 3rd world countries (as a % of GDP) is mind boggling.