> There is not strong evidence that the levels of PFAs most people are exposed to cause any health issues at all. It is, of course, concerning. Nobody likes the

> There is not strong evidence that the levels of PFAs most people are exposed to cause any health issues at all. It is, of course, concerning. Nobody likes the idea of materials building up in their bodies. I mean the research is still relatively new and ongoing [1][4] where “most of the hundreds of PFAS currently in commerce have limited or no toxicity data” [5]. And in 2022 the EPA posted “…updated advisory levels, which are based on new science and consider lifetime exposure, indicate that some negative health effects may occur with concentrations of PFOA or PFOS in water that are near zero.” [2]. On top of that there are lots of PFAs which cannot be individually tested for — In 2019 the EPA “can now measure 29 chemicals”[6] out of “thousands of PFAS chemicals” [7] — which means many of those tests are only checking for a small subset of this class of chemical (though the older and more widely used ones have been prioritized for testing). Also where do you get your control group from for low level exposure? It takes time to bioaccumulate and most people are already exposed to some degree —“Nearly all people in the United States have measurable amounts of PFAS in their blood” [4] — through many different sources — “There are thousands of PFAS chemicals, and they are found in many different consumer, commercial, and industrial products. This makes it challenging to study and assess the potential human health and environmental risks.” [7]. Some other interesting links/articles: - https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_contamination/map/ https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_contamination/map/ - https://www.consumerreports.org/toxic-chemicals-substances/i-tested-my-blood-tap-water-household-products-and-cat-for-pfas-toxic-forever-chemicals-a8299795055/ https://www.consumerreports.org/toxic-chemicals-substances/i... - https://www.su.se/english/news/it-s-raining-pfas-even-in-antarctica-and-on-the-tibetan-plateau-rainwater-is-unsafe-to-drink-1.620735 https://www.su.se/english/news/it-s-raining-pfas-even-in-ant... - https://highline.huffingtonpost.com/articles/en/welcome-to-beautiful-parkersburg/ https://highline.huffingtonpost.com/articles/en/welcome-to-b... - https://cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/US-EPA-sets-health-advisory-6-PFAS/100/i22 https://cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/US-EPA... - https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-announces-voluntary-agreement-manufacturers-phase-out-certain-short-chain-pfas-used-food https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-anno... Sources: 1: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects/index.html https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects/index.html 2: https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa-and-pfos https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/drinking-water-health-advisories-pf... 4: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/resources/pfas-information-for-clinicians.html https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/resources/pfas-information-fo... 5: https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/national-pfas-testing-strategy https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-t... 6: https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-announces-new-method-test-additional-pfas-drinking-water https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-announces-new-method-te... 7: https://www.epa.gov/pfas/pfas-explained https://www.epa.gov/pfas/pfas-explained