> But I'm not sure if accepted sockets fall into this category. For the HTTP server in this article, no. It contains an embedded TCP/IP stack (linked into the

> But I'm not sure if accepted sockets fall into this category. For the HTTP server in this article, no. It contains an embedded TCP/IP stack (linked into the HTTP server executable), which expects to talk to a network card driver TSR using the "Packet Driver" API (normally INT 0x60, but the interrupt to use is configurable). Network connections completely bypass the files subsystem in the DOS kernel Nowadays, the vast majority of people doing TCP/IP on DOS [0] use Packet Driver, and what I just said is true for anyone using that. However, historically there were a huge array of DOS TCP/IP stacks, all implemented differently. It would be (somewhat surprising) news to me if any of them represented individual network connections as files in the DOS kernel, but not having looked at them all, I can't confidently say. [0] which is almost all hobbyist/retrocomputing: I'm sure there are a few embedded systems running DOS surviving, but most of those likely don't do networking, and many of the few that do may be running something other than TCP/IP, so any remaining production TCP/IP use under DOS is likely quite rare