There are truancy laws, but they're state/local (so there's no unified US standard), may also interact with the local school district's policy on absences, and

There are truancy laws, but they're state/local (so there's no unified US standard), may also interact with the local school district's policy on absences, and there's often little enforcement effort. Parents may also "home school" which usually comes with significantly less overall scrutiny from the government, but the details of this also vary by jurisdiction. (Yes, education policy in the US is an absolute mess.)