Dutch cards all have a chip on them, which encrypts the transaction. In other words, the machiene doesnt have to be secure, since it never gets access to the pr

Dutch cards all have a chip on them, which encrypts the transaction. In other words, the machiene doesnt have to be secure, since it never gets access to the private key inside the chip inside the card. They can still screw around with that one single transaction, but they cant duplicate the card. Its like an ssl tunnel straight from your card to your bank. The other party is just passing the encrypted one time permission slip to charge money. It completely ended skimming here. As for unsecured devices like an iPad, the goverment mandates two way authentification. This is done by sending an authorisation code per text message, or an auxiliery device, not connected to anything, that uses the signing chip on the card, to provide the user with a one time authentification code.