Very separate question but I've always wondered if there has been any mathematical formalism built up around the structure of tournaments. For instance, can we

Very separate question but I've always wondered if there has been any mathematical formalism built up around the structure of tournaments. For instance, can we model how valuable a first-round bye is in a knockout tournament? How valuable is giving an extra game win in a winner bracket / loser bracket tournament to the WB player in the grand final? That kind of thing.