I don't know how much, in Germany's case, but some fraction of energy usage is wasted. We saw European customers start paying attention to wasted consumption a

I don't know how much, in Germany's case, but some fraction of energy usage is wasted. We saw European customers start paying attention to wasted consumption almost overnight when electricity prices hit the news and some of those changes have persisted for now. That's without considering efficiency improvements. Both would drive down per capita without implying reduced output