DMCA-like anti-circumvention rules are mandated by WIPO, and 2001/29/EC directive is implementing that. However directives are not directly binding, they must b

DMCA-like anti-circumvention rules are mandated by WIPO, and 2001/29/EC directive is implementing that. However directives are not directly binding, they must be implemented by each member state. Crucially they also might use different wording in final law and it might affect the scope of the restriction. For example, in Poland it restricts anti-circumvention devices, but as I understand it this wording cannot be used more widely. (so eg. console modchips are prohibited, but decryption software is not)