SSDs and HDD on-board firmware will actually cache-locally and then lie about if it's been written to the disk or not. Pretty much every level of the stack cach

SSDs and HDD on-board firmware will actually cache-locally and then lie about if it's been written to the disk or not. Pretty much every level of the stack caches and lies about it to the point that if you do a deep dive into "has information been written to disk or not" the answer comes up as "this is impossible to verify".