from the linked discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/ff4c2f2f9c8fc7ca27c1c24ae37ecaeaeaff6b53.camel%40j-davis.com https://www.postgresql.org/

from the linked discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/ff4c2f2f9c8fc7ca27c1c24ae37ecaeaeaff6b53.camel%40j-davis.com https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/ff4c2f2f9c8fc7ca2... """ v15:Performance: Sotring 10M strings: libc "C" 14s builtin C_UTF8 14s libc "C.utf8" 20s ICU "en-US-x-icu" 31s Running UPPER() on 10M strings: libc "C" 03s builtin C_UTF8 07s libc "C.utf8" 08s ICU "en-US-x-icu" 15s """ """ v20Performance: ASCII-only data: lower initcap upper "C" (libc) 2426 3326 2341 pg_c_utf8 2890 6570 2825 pg_unicode_fast 2929 7140 2893 "C.utf8" (libc) 5410 7810 5397 "en-US-x-icu" 8320 65732 9367 Including non-ASCII data: lower initcap upper "C" (libc) 2630 4677 2548 pg_c_utf8 5471 10682 5431 pg_unicode_fast 5582 12023 5587 "C.utf8" (libc) 8126 11834 8106 "en-US-x-icu" 14473 73655 15112 """