Thanks for the blog post, it's always nice to see performance improvements in Postgres! I'm curious: how much time is spent for LLVM on some real queries and ho

Thanks for the blog post, it's always nice to see performance improvements in Postgres! I'm curious: how much time is spent for LLVM on some real queries and how is LLVM configured (i.e., which passes, which back-end optimization, etc.)? In our experience [1], LLVM can be reasonably fast when optimized for compile time without optimizations and the -O0 back-end pipeline, but obviously still 10-20x slower compared to other approaches. Also, in our experience, copy-and-patch-generated code tends to be quite slow and hard to optimize (we tried some things [2; Sec. 5], but there's still quite a gap (see Fig. 3 for a database evaluation)). Do you have some numbers on the run-time slowdown compared to LLVM? Any future plans for implementing multi-tiering, so dynamically switching from the quickly compiled code to LLVM-optimized code? [1]: https://home.in.tum.de/~engelke/pubs/2403-cgo.pdf https://home.in.tum.de/~engelke/pubs/2403-cgo.pdf [2]: https://home.in.tum.de/~engelke/pubs/2403-cc.pdf https://home.in.tum.de/~engelke/pubs/2403-cc.pdf