I put together a slow (but readable!) HNSW implementation in python to really understand how it works: https://github.com/jbarrow/tinyhnsw https://github.com/jb

I put together a slow (but readable!) HNSW implementation in python to really understand how it works: https://github.com/jbarrow/tinyhnsw https://github.com/jbarrow/tinyhnsw Indexing time isn't great, but query time is surprisingly good for it being written in unoptimized python and numpy.