> almost every single tech or manufacturing company (except Tesla?) that wants to sell in China has to be a joint owned venture Apple, Oracle, Amazon, GE, Micr

> almost every single tech or manufacturing company (except Tesla?) that wants to sell in China has to be a joint owned venture Apple, Oracle, Amazon, GE, Micron, Intel, Dell, Samsung, Kingston, LG, Seagate, Inventec ... Not a single one of these is a joint venture. They are all wholly foreign-owned enterprises (WFOEs) [1][2] According to the Department of Commerce, > A large majority of new foreign investments in China are WFOEs, rather than JVs. As Chinese legal entities, WFOEs experience greater independence than ROs, are allowed exclusive control over carrying out business activities while abiding by Chinese law and are granted intellectual and technological rights. (https://www.export.gov/apex/article2?id=China-Establishing-an-Office https://www.export.gov/apex/article2?id=China-Establishing-a...) Also (https://arc-group.com/china-company-setup/ https://arc-group.com/china-company-setup/): > WFOE refers to a limited liability company that is 100% invested, owned by foreign investors, and independently operated. Almost 60% of foreign-owned companies are WFOEs, making it the most adopted business type. Famous multinational companies such as Apple, Amazon, Oracle, and General Electric are all examples of WFOEs. [1] https://www.ydylcn.com/skwx_ydyl/competitiveReportDetail?SiteID=1&contentId=7656237&contentType=literature&subLibID=8730&mediaID=10902715 https://www.ydylcn.com/skwx_ydyl/competitiveReportDetail?Sit... (The link is pre-2020, when the new Foreign Investment Law abolished the category but reduced the need for JVs even more [3]) [2] https://www.uschina.org/sites/default/files/wfoe-fact-sheet-2011.pdf https://www.uschina.org/sites/default/files/wfoe-fact-sheet-... [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Investment_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Investment_Law_of_the_...