From yet another field where deterministic simulation is often a goal (robotics), the ideal is a simulation test system that is deterministic for a given initia

From yet another field where deterministic simulation is often a goal (robotics), the ideal is a simulation test system that is deterministic for a given initialization (e.g. a random seed) so that for an initialization that causes some error to occur, you can reliably reproduce and resolve the error. Of course, you then need to run that system with a range of initializations to have confidence that you didn't just get lucky with the initialization. In practice, this can be quite hard to do in the presence of uncontrolled non-determinism (e.g. thread/process/GPU scheduling)* and it is often more pragmatic to invest the time in better stochastic testing and logging than deterministic reproduction. * Yes, these can be made closer to deterministic. But doing so often comes with reduced performance, such that the system you are testing would no longer match the system being deployed, defeating much of the purpose of the test in the first place.