I... am not sure that I understand what you mean ? That after shuffling you know less about the stack of cards (that used to be at least partially revealed) is

I... am not sure that I understand what you mean ? That after shuffling you know less about the stack of cards (that used to be at least partially revealed) is a fact that our model must follow or fail at being relevant. It's been hard to find out more information about this, but I did find some : https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2015/08/11/the-bayesian-second-law-of-thermodynamics/ https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2015/08/11/the-bay... Same thing : "And the Bayesian Second Law (BSL) tells us that this lack of knowledge — the amount we would learn on average by being told the exact state of the system, given that we were using the un-updated distribution — is always larger at the end of the experiment than at the beginning (up to corrections because the system may be emitting heat)." Though I also did find another interesting thing : http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2014/03/11/frequentism-and-bayesianism-a-practical-intro/ http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2014/03/11/frequentism-and-bay... "in a strict frequentist view, it is meaningless to talk about the probability of the true flux of the star: the true flux is (by definition) a single fixed value, and to talk about a frequency distribution for a fixed value is nonsense" But that's pretty much the case in statistical physics ! A macrostate is actually NOT a state (=microstate), but a probability distribution ! "For Bayesians, probabilities are fundamentally related to our own knowledge about an event. This means, for example, that in a Bayesian view, we can meaningfully talk about the probability that the true flux of a star lies in a given range." So looks like statistical physics are already at least part-way between Frequentist and Bayesian ?? Also, this one sounds potentially interesting, but sadly, paywalled... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363313577_On_revision_of_the_Guide_to_the_Expression_of_Uncertainty_in_Measurement_Proofs_of_fundamental_errors_in_Bayesian_approaches https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363313577_On_revisi...