Post-WWII France and UK, France even into the 80s. US nationalized passenger rail into Amtrak in ‘71. New York took over the private subway companies in the 4

Post-WWII France and UK, France even into the 80s. US nationalized passenger rail into Amtrak in ‘71. New York took over the private subway companies in the 40s. Since the 1980s the US uses a different mechanism (as they did with Boeing) where the state leaves the companies listed on the stock exchange but influences policy by guaranteed purchase orders, forced mergers (else you lose those purchase orders) etc — privatization in all but name.