Google have human reviewers that can take manual action to penalize websites. People can also report spam websites. https://searchengineland.com/google-issues-

Google have human reviewers that can take manual action to penalize websites. People can also report spam websites. https://searchengineland.com/google-issues-search-ranking-penalties-through-manual-actions-438253 https://searchengineland.com/google-issues-search-ranking-pe... https://developers.google.com/search/help/report-quality-issues https://developers.google.com/search/help/report-quality-iss... They are doing this now because AI chats and other search engine are becoming competition. They ignored spam because it was making them money.