It's ambiguous. Vague, even. But not arbitrary. For example, it pretty much universally relates to speech that discriminates on the basis of identity factors su

It's ambiguous. Vague, even. But not arbitrary. For example, it pretty much universally relates to speech that discriminates on the basis of identity factors such as race, religion or sexual orientation. A country cannot categorise "1989 Tiananmen Square" as hatespeech and expect to be taken seriously. What identity group is being hated?