Many certs are absolutely valued - look at the number of people who change careers with a cert from UC Berkeley Extension - and beyond that, 2U and Coursera, an

Many certs are absolutely valued - look at the number of people who change careers with a cert from UC Berkeley Extension - and beyond that, 2U and Coursera, and others, were heavily investing in the degree space. The explanation for their failure is more complex than "certs are worthless." Obviously 2U overpaid for edX, but that's just one example. And why didn't edX do better?