fwiw, in ASR/speech transcription world, it looks reverse to me - in the past, there was lots of custom non-ML code & separate ML models for audio modeling and

fwiw, in ASR/speech transcription world, it looks reverse to me - in the past, there was lots of custom non-ML code & separate ML models for audio modeling and language modeling - but current SOTA ASRs are all e2e, and that's what's used even in mobile applications, iiuc. I still think the pendulum will swing back there again, to have even better battery/larger models on mobile.