> There's lots of things beyond bounds checks that constitute UB and bounds checks are but 1 small item. Indeed, hence "at a minimum". The type system and choo

> There's lots of things beyond bounds checks that constitute UB and bounds checks are but 1 small item. Indeed, hence "at a minimum". The type system and choosing to avoid UB when defining some operations helps a lot as well, but those have no direct overhead so there's no runtime cost there. Bounds checks (and overflow checks, if those are ever added to release mode) are just the one thing that have a direct runtime cost when they aren't elided.