Then I guess the answer might include ADB-S and other information-sharing channels. Perhaps only accepting incoming ballistic transports from predefined friendl

Then I guess the answer might include ADB-S and other information-sharing channels. Perhaps only accepting incoming ballistic transports from predefined friendly launch sites. Perhaps only accepting manned ballistic transports. Ballistic vehicles do not have much cross-range capability, so knowing both where they came from and where they are going is easier than with aircraft. But of course real-time human-seeming communication could be faked with good AI, and even if that were not an option I'm sure some kamakazi pilots would volunteer if necessary. Anything could be faked, but the barriers are not unsubstantial. And, of course, MAD remains a deterrent.