This is a comprehensive analysis: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/public-purpose/publications/2022/may/self-financing-state-institutional-analysis https://www.uc

This is a comprehensive analysis: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/public-purpose/publications/2022/may/self-financing-state-institutional-analysis https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/public-purpose/publications/2... The general case is more or less the same as the UK with only the details varying. As noted elsewhere, this doesn't apply to non sovereign states.