Attestation creates all sorts of challenges absolutely, but it actually doesn't really help here - there's plenty of services doing this on real devices, and no

Attestation creates all sorts of challenges absolutely, but it actually doesn't really help here - there's plenty of services doing this on real devices, and no real challenges to doing so at the prices people will pay. The overhead is the one-off cost of the cheapest legitimate device that will attest, split between the many users to get near 100% utilisation over a large period. Once you look at cheap androids & PCs, this gets very cheap indeed. The only solution is actual paid services, or real-user verification (and deduplication, which means little privacy, which means legal problems in much of the world) for free accounts. If you publish something on the internet for free, you _must_ accept that people can read it automatically. You can make it difficult, make it a bit more expensive, but at the end of the day paid data means paywalls.