I've been in the industry a while now, and I remember when I was in high school in the late 90s getting into programming, people told me "don't go into computer

I've been in the industry a while now, and I remember when I was in high school in the late 90s getting into programming, people told me "don't go into computers, those jobs will be all outsourced to India in 5 years". However, there have been multiple trends throughout the last 25 years of companies outsourcing more, then insourcing, then outsourcing, then insourcing. I will say for the current trend of outsourcing, it doesn't look like companies are moving everything offshore, it looks like they're being strategic about non core products/services. My guesses for why: 1. Trends/Fads. Sure it didn't work last time, but enough time has passed that people forgot the mistakes and now the new management wants to try it again. 2. Software is more mature (?). Maybe with git, unit testing, better type systems, linters, cleaner architecture, modern frameworks, software without alot of churn, doesn't need the same level of talent to 'keep it running'. 3. Interest rates. Maybe when interest rates were lower, it made sense to spend 5x as much per engineer to get 50% (?) better quality. 4. Problem getting H1-B? I don't know if this is true at all, but I imagine with lots of layoffs at big tech companies, it may be harder to prove they can't find american engineers?