2 ms·
It could still be closed loop. JPMorgan has ChaseNet, a closed loop system and it issues Visa and Mastercard cards. It was mostly rules from Visa and Mastercar
by bena 3y ago
It could still be closed loop. JPMorgan has ChaseNet, a closed loop system and it issues Visa and Mastercard cards.
It was mostly rules from Visa and Mastercard that prevented American Express from being offered by more banks.