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The Bolsheviks specifically believed in vanguardism. This meant they not only had to suppress the 80% or so that had no interest in Bolshevism at all but also t
by hnbad 3y ago
The Bolsheviks specifically believed in vanguardism. This meant they not only had to suppress the 80% or so that had no interest in Bolshevism at all but also the various communist, anarchist and syndicalist movements that existed alongside the Bolsheviks but did not follow the vanguardist tradition. Ironically this means one thing the "Soviets" eliminated first was the soviets, i.e. the workers councils, and the worker cooperatives. This fixation on vanguardism continued to manifest in sabotaging other communist and anarchist movements in Ukraine and even Spain where it contributed to the victory of the fascists.
If there's one thing the Bolsheviks succeeded at, it's purges. I'm just not sure if that's something to be proud of as it evidently never led to anything beyond "actually existing socialism".
It's also worth remembering that according to Marx, communism is a state-less and class-less society. A literal "dictatorship of the proletariat" by definition maintains a class system because the proletariat is defined by its exploitation (i.e. working but not owning - an owner who works for his own business, like an enfranchised peasant, is not proletarian). In practice this literal interpretation thus also meant that the state replaced the capitalist class (hence state capitalism) even if theoretically the state was under the democratic control of the proletariat (but again via a system of representation, not delegation, as the vanguard party needed to be able to overrule any democratic interests that would have been deemed counter-revolutionary).
- int_19h 3y agoIndeed. I'm actually from a region of Russia that saw one of the biggest peasant uprisings against the Bolsheviks, notable for use of chemical weapons against the rebels: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambov_Rebellion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambov_Rebellion. The rebels weren't really anarchists as such, and I don't think they had any particularly well-defined ideology beyond "land to the peasants", but they were still clearly a part of the socialist tradition (leadership was mostly SR). To add insult to injury, the people who led the punitive expedition to crush said revolt were presented as heroes afterwards, and in Soviet times we had streets in the city named after them. The thing that they eliminated first was actually the peasant councils, starting as early as 1918, as those were the ones where they rarely had a majority. Kombeds ("committees of the poor") were established largely for this purpose, and were folded into the councils once they fulfilled their function of purging the latter of undesirables. Independent worker councils and trade unions followed shortly after.