tl;dr If you don't select for IQ on input, you don't get IQ on output. Putting more people through university doesn't change this. It just devalues a degree as

tl;dr If you don't select for IQ on input, you don't get IQ on output. Putting more people through university doesn't change this. It just devalues a degree as a marker of relative intelligence. This is called "failing" by some people, and technically it isn't (because numbers.) But socially and culturally perhaps it is. Author suggests at the end that we should spend less time educating people. But - rather obviously - if more of the population goes to university, education for them is being extended to graduation. So you have kids spending more time being educated, leaving with a less useful qualification. What's missing is any discussion of how this affects the culture, the work force, and the quality of universities themselves. Is there any evidence it's easier for relatively low-IQ people to become university professors or managers? How does that affect outcomes? What does it mean for employment and economic stability and output? Overall a blizzard of graphs, but rather superficial analysis.