Those connectors have bandwidths, and thus require planning or expansion. Countries have differing policies, which have impacts on countries connected (famous e

Those connectors have bandwidths, and thus require planning or expansion. Countries have differing policies, which have impacts on countries connected (famous example: wind on German offshore has impact on whether France scales nuclear plants down). The market as is does not favor price stability, or low prices, as parent pointed rightly out, both of which require coordination across European borders. Transmission-loss reduction is a good example of how Europe might deepen cooperation: HVDC lines are rapidly becoming feasible and economically interesting. By their nature, the require cooperation of multiple jurisdictions and thus policy frameworks, potentially hundreds if including sometimes powerful local governments.