This is essentially a debate on legal interpretation. There are 3 traditional approaches: 1. Common law (determined by precedent), the UK system. 2. Civil law

This is essentially a debate on legal interpretation. There are 3 traditional approaches: 1. Common law (determined by precedent), the UK system. 2. Civil law (determined by textual interpretation of a code), the US system. 3. Qadi law. (determined by a local judge who rules according to the local societal norms and current context, neither by text nor precedent), the Ottoman/Islamic system. [1] https://www.britannica.com/topic/qadi https://www.britannica.com/topic/qadi