Closed systems can communicate with other systems/their environment. Closed doesn't mean sealed here, it means well defined boundaries. edit: ok so for thermod

Closed systems can communicate with other systems/their environment. Closed doesn't mean sealed here, it means well defined boundaries. edit: ok so for thermodynamics analogy purposes, the statement 'closed system' means no matter flows but energy obviously yes... furthermore, 'the tech system' being made of isolated computers and specialized professionals, or networks of computers and specialized professionals is immaterial for the analogy... lots of energy flowing in, in the form of huge amounts of cash, created a lot of entropy, in the form of accidental complexity.