It's entirely possible to use Make (or whatever you want) to build a project. There's no magic to Xcode. You just need to invoke to correct compiler and linker

It's entirely possible to use Make (or whatever you want) to build a project. There's no magic to Xcode. You just need to invoke to correct compiler and linker (Apple's GCC, usually), include the right flags and frameworks for them, and probably invoke some Apple tools for things like code-signing.