When you mention The Objective Information Criterion. I assume you mean something that takes into account the complexity of the model. A model with more paramet

When you mention The Objective Information Criterion. I assume you mean something that takes into account the complexity of the model. A model with more parameters might fit the data better but could also be at risk of overfitting. But isn’t there already a blackbox measure of overfiting one that focus on how well the model generalizes to new, unseen data, rather than on the model’s complexity. Like Cross-Validation, hold-out validation or bootstrap method.