Qualifications of truth are often written into the paper too tho, so e.g. in biology paper people will cite studies, but then explain their mitigating circumsta

Qualifications of truth are often written into the paper too tho, so e.g. in biology paper people will cite studies, but then explain their mitigating circumstances and context and how they need to be balanced with other studies. So while I agree that generally citations are a statement of claim and the reference given allows people to see if that statement of claim is actually supported, within the paper itself good authors also explicitly weigh the "truth value of a proposition".