This is exactly how homebrewers carbonate bottles of home made beer. We call it "priming", and you get special spoons that measure an exact amount of sugar per

This is exactly how homebrewers carbonate bottles of home made beer. We call it "priming", and you get special spoons that measure an exact amount of sugar per bottle, or sugar candies that you can pop into each bottle. There are formulae that you can use to calculate the amount of sugar required to achieve a desired amount of carbonation.