It's an arbitrary threshold for the sake of discussion. Of course Norway, one of the most developed countries and richest countries per capita, manages to have

It's an arbitrary threshold for the sake of discussion. Of course Norway, one of the most developed countries and richest countries per capita, manages to have good content in its written languages on the internet. Model training also benefits from its linguistic and cultural similarities to Swedish and Danish, and English, Dutch, and German to a lesser degree. I suspect many people from Eastern Europe find Russian models useful for the same reason. I agree that the situation is not hopeless for languages with a thriving written culture. But for many minority languages there might only be chat messages, some literary works, and vast amounts of machine-translated websites accessible for crawlers. I hope that in the future improved model architectures and training strategies can push the required amount of raw content way down.