Yes. Many of the experiments involve single cell organisms where there is no brain involved. And the cognition he’s talking about are in different problem space

Yes. Many of the experiments involve single cell organisms where there is no brain involved. And the cognition he’s talking about are in different problem spaces than what we think of as “thinking” in the brain. Honestly, it’s so difficult to talk about because it’s such a different way of looking at biology. I would suggest picking any one of his YouTube talks and watching it. He’s a very good explainer.