> lastly, if there were no fees or hurdles or restrictions for alternate app stores then every single large company (not just gatekeepers) would open one so the

> lastly, if there were no fees or hurdles or restrictions for alternate app stores then every single large company (not just gatekeepers) would open one so they could plaster their ads, make their own profit, drive users to their own stuff, and basically capture them in their fiefdom. and the DMA makes no provision as to how alternate markets need to behave. So you mean competition? Isn’t that the whole point of the DMA?