As far as rooftop solar, it makes a big difference if solar PV is built into the design process at the beginning, rather than tacked on as an afterthought. Sim

As far as rooftop solar, it makes a big difference if solar PV is built into the design process at the beginning, rather than tacked on as an afterthought. Similarly, a household battery might be as common in the future as a household hot water heater (with a similar footprint, size-wise). There's also regional variability - cities absolutely require utility-scale solar, just as they require dedicated agricultural land to feed the population, because there's not enough surface area in a city. Rural/suburban areas on the other hand are ideal for integrated rooftop solar.