That list is omitting trade secrets, which certainly cover user data. Data is an IP asset, just one that you cannot get a patent for, nor copyright or trademar

That list is omitting trade secrets, which certainly cover user data. Data is an IP asset, just one that you cannot get a patent for, nor copyright or trademark protection, and so it must be kept private rather than disclosed. You trademark your branding, patent your designs and processes, copyright your software and protect your data as a trade secret.