Because their usb stick just contains the program a computer can run. > It just needs one small extra dependency: to be plugged into a device that supplies pro

Because their usb stick just contains the program a computer can run. > It just needs one small extra dependency: to be plugged into a device that supplies processing power. So it just needs a computer to be a computer? Your logic doesn't work for me. It's like saying I am a cruise ship captain, just that I lack the ship, the certification and the knowledge. I am not aware that there are credit cards which can run java (I assume that means they have a jvm that can interpret java bytecode). I think similarly they store data and programs (which might be java) but don't run them. e.g. https://www.oracle.com/java/java-card/ https://www.oracle.com/java/java-card/