> this gave them the luxury of building these companies into powerhouses that didn't have much competition to worry about and that could be idealistic and also

> this gave them the luxury of building these companies into powerhouses that didn't have much competition to worry about and that could be idealistic and also wasteful. But this advantage eroded after several decades so it eventually became more important to maximize profitability and this required (or facilitated) someone like Welch. You've got it backwards. The current state of US business is ideologically driven and wasteful. Two economies that were wrecked during WWII -- Germany and Japan -- are less shareholder driven than the US and therefore actually able to produce quality goods and services.