> If a factory shuts down half the time, then you need twice as many factories to produce the same stuff. No. It means you might need twice as much of whatever

> If a factory shuts down half the time, then you need twice as many factories to produce the same stuff. No. It means you might need twice as much of whatever the bottleneck is, assuming that's a real time manufacturing resource which it might well not be. You definitely don't need twice as many whole factories. And if that bottlebeck isn't energy intensive that's not the problem at all, you can just re-arrange the energy intensive parts and you won't even need more factory.