This might be what you are looking for; The Illustrated Network: How TCP/IP Works in a Modern Network by Walter Goralski. Take a good look at the ToC, covers

This might be what you are looking for; The Illustrated Network: How TCP/IP Works in a Modern Network by Walter Goralski. Take a good look at the ToC, covers a lot of different aspects of a "Modern Network". Start with this and then follow up with other detailed books some of which are mentioned in my other comment in this thread.