Note that V8 didn't have a dumb-but-very-fast JIT (Sparkplug) until 2021; the interpreter (Ignition) did that block counting and sent it straight to the optimiz

Note that V8 didn't have a dumb-but-very-fast JIT (Sparkplug) until 2021; the interpreter (Ignition) did that block counting and sent it straight to the optimizing JIT (TurboFan). V8 pre-2021 (i.e., only Ignition+TurboFan) was significantly faster than current CPython is, and the full current four-tier bundle (Ignition+Sparkplug+Maglev+TurboFan) only scores roughly twice as good on Speedometer as pure Ignition does. (Ignition+Sparkplug is about 40% faster than Ignition alone; compare that “dumbness” with CPython's 2–9%.) The relevant lesson should be that things like very carefully designed value representation and IR is a much more important piece of the puzzle than having as many tiers of compilation as possible.