There's multiple layers of efficiency, the cell, the pack, the motor, the heater, aero, lightweighting. And then the BMS, thermal management and charging impro

There's multiple layers of efficiency, the cell, the pack, the motor, the heater, aero, lightweighting. And then the BMS, thermal management and charging improvements and greater provision all allow for smaller batteries (which reduces weight and allows for smaller batteries recursively). Not to mention cost reductions in batteries and electrcity. Overall a 2023 EV is more than 2x a 1997 EV.