I'm pretty sure Hetzner servers (where the test is performed) have NVMe drives that can read at 4GB/s. So theoretically IO bound solution would be done in aroun

I'm pretty sure Hetzner servers (where the test is performed) have NVMe drives that can read at 4GB/s. So theoretically IO bound solution would be done in around 0.25 seconds. However the fastest current solution is around 12 seconds. So it's not IO-bound.